International audienceThe evolution in the socio-economic character of the 138 largest urban agglomerations in France between 1954 and 1975 consists of three tendancies, interpreted in this article according to their incidence on the structure of the urban system. The most important includes the changes which have equally affected all the agglomerations, and provoked a translation of the system without changing its form. The two other tendancies group together the differential changes : ones has compared the profiles of the agglomerations by reducing the functional specializations based on the geographic concentration of the divisions of activity; the other introduces a new segregation in socio-economic urban structures, between « growth ce...