Reentrant albedo proton fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment
- Adriani, O.
- Barbarino, G. C.
- Bazilevskaya, G. A.
- BELLOTTI, Roberto
- Boezio, M.
- Bogomolov, E. A.
- Bongi, M.
- Bonvicini, V.
- Bottai, S.
- BRUNO, ALESSANDRO
- Cafagna, F.
- Campana, D.
- Carlson, P.
- Casolino, M.
- Castellini, G.
- Donato, C. De
- De Santis, C.
- De Simone, N.
- Di Felice, V.
- Formato, V.
- Galper, A. M.
- Karelin, A. V.
- Koldashov, S. V.
- Koldobskiy, S.
- Krutkov, S. Y.
- Kvashnin, A. N.
- Leonov, A.
- Malakhov, V.
- Marcelli, L.
- Martucci, M.
- Mayorov, A. G.
- Menn, W.
- Mergé, M.
- Mikhailov, V. V.
- Mocchiutti, E.
- MONACO, ALFONSO
- Mori, N.
- Munini, R.
- Osteria, G.
- Palma, F.
- Panico, B.
- Papini, P.
- Pearce, M.
- Picozza, P.
- Ricci, M.
- Ricciarini, S. B.
- Sarkar, R.
- Scotti, V.
- Simon, M.
- Sparvoli, R.
- Spillantini, P.
- Stozhkov, Y. I.
- Vacchi, A.
- Vannuccini, E.
- Vasilyev, G. I.
- Voronov, S. A.
- Yurkin, Y. T.
- Zampa, G.
- Zampa, N.
DOIAbstract
We present a precise measurement of downward going albedo proton fluxes for kinetic energy above ∼70-MeV performed by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) experiment at an altitude between 350 and 610-km. On the basis of a trajectory tracing simulation, the analyzed protons were classified into quasi-trapped, concentrating in the magnetic equatorial region, and untrapped spreading over all latitudes, including both short-lived (precipitating) and long-lived (pseudotrapped) components. In addition, features of the penumbra region around the geomagnetic cutoff were investigated in detail. PAMELA results significantly improve the characterization of the high-energy albedo proton populations at lo...
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