Formation of CuO nano-flowered surfaces via submerged photo-synthesis of crystallites and their antimicrobial activity

We report the fabrication of flower-like CuO nanostructured surfaces via submerged photo-synthesis of crystallites (SPSC), which requires only UV illumination in neutral water. In this paper, we discuss the reaction mechanism of the photochemical formation of the SPSC-fabricated CuO nanostructures in detail based on surface microstructural analyses and a radiation-chemical consideration with additional gamma-ray irradiation. Since the SPSC method for surface nanostructural fabrication can work at low temperatures at atmospheric pressure without using harmful substances, it is a potential fabrication method for green nanotechnology applications. In this vein, the antibacterial activity of the nano-flowered CuO surfaces was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli K12) bacteria, and the results demonstrate that the nano-flowered CuO nanostructures act as an effective antimicrobial agent. Nanostructured metal oxides are known to have different optical, chemical and mechanical properties from th