Assessing small hydro in the Indian Himalaya

Himachal Pradesh (HP), in the Indian Himalayan region, has substantial hydropower potential, and the state is rapidly developing this resource. In response to negative impacts associated with large-scale projects, HP has promoted small hydro, thought to have more abundant social and economic benefits for local residents and fewer adverse impacts. We examined the extent and nature of small hydro in HP, assessed the positive and negative impacts, and offer recommendations for policy improvements. Our methods included inset appraisal of five projects in the Kullu District, policy analysis, field observations, and semi-structured interviews with residents, government officials and project proponents. Small hydro enhances the state and regional economies but local impacts are less well understood. The state's policy regime would be enhanced by a strategic assessment of small hydro, local involvement in site selection, and periodic cumulative effects assessments