Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists.
- Kohler, Annegret
- Kuo, Alan
- Nagy, Laszlo G
- Morin, Emmanuelle
- Barry, Kerrie W
- Buscot, Francois
- Canbäck, Björn
- Choi, Cindy
- Cichocki, Nicolas
- Clum, Alicia
- Colpaert, Jan
- Copeland, Alex
- Costa, Mauricio D
- Doré, Jeanne
- Floudas, Dimitrios
- Gay, Gilles
- Girlanda, Mariangela
- Henrissat, Bernard
- Herrmann, Sylvie
- Hess, Jaqueline
- Högberg, Nils
- Johansson, Tomas
- Khouja, Hassine-Radhouane
- LaButti, Kurt
- Lahrmann, Urs
- Levasseur, Anthony
- Lindquist, Erika A
- Lipzen, Anna
- Marmeisse, Roland
- Martino, Elena
- Murat, Claude
- Ngan, Chew Y
- Nehls, Uwe
- Plett, Jonathan M
- Pringle, Anne
- Ohm, Robin A
- Perotto, Silvia
- Peter, Martina
- Riley, Robert
- Rineau, Francois
- Ruytinx, Joske
- Salamov, Asaf
- Shah, Firoz
- Sun, Hui
- Tarkka, Mika
- Tritt, Andrew
- Veneault-Fourrey, Claire
- Zuccaro, Alga
- Tunlid, Anders
- Grigoriev, Igor V
- Hibbett, David S
- Martin, Francis
DOIAbstract
To elucidate the genetic bases of mycorrhizal lifestyle evolution, we sequenced new fungal genomes, including 13 ectomycorrhizal (ECM), orchid (ORM) and ericoid (ERM) species, and five saprotrophs, which we analyzed along with other fungal genomes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have a reduced complement of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), as compared to their ancestral wood decayers. Nevertheless, they have retained a unique array of PCWDEs, thus suggesting that they possess diverse abilities to decompose lignocellulose. Similar functional categories of nonorthologous genes are induced in symbiosis. Of induced genes, 7-38% are orphan genes, including genes that encode secreted effector-like proteins. Convergent evolution o...
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