Isotope meteorology of cold front passages: A case study combining observations and modeling

This study investigates the role of below-cloud evaporation and evapotranspiration for the short-term variability of stable isotopes in near-surface water vapor and precipitation associated with central European cold fronts. To this end, a combination of observations with high temporal resolution and numerical sensitivity experiments with the isotope-enabled regional weather prediction model COSMOiso is used. The representation of the interaction between rain droplets and ambient vapor below the cloud is fundamental for adequately simulating precipitation isotopes ((p)) and total rainfall amount. Neglecting these effects leads to depletion biases of 20-40 in delta H-2(p) and 5-10% in delta O-18(p) and to an increase of 74% in rainfall amount. Isotope fractionation during soil evaporation is of primary importance for correctly simulating the variability of continental low-level vapor delta H-2(v) and delta O-18(v) and particularly of the secondary isotope parameter deuterium excess (d(v))