Absorption and metabolism of alpha-ketoglutarate in growing pigs

The portal appearance of enteral alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) and the effect of enteral or parenteral AKG on portal net appearance of glucose, short-chain fatty acids, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, proline and insulin were investigated in three growing pigs. During the experimental samplings the pigs were fed hourly with a standard feed mix with 5% glucose (control), 5% AKG (enteral) or no feed additive but continuously infused with AKG into the mesenteric vein in an amount equivalent to 5% of feed intake (parenteral). The arterial plasma concentration of AKG increased (p 0.10). The plasma concentration glutamine decreased (p < 0.05) with the parenteral treatment only. The portal net appearance of proline showed a numerical increase with the enteral treatment but no other affects on arterial concentrations or portal net appearance were found. A small accompanying study showed that only small amounts of enteral AKG was present in the small intestine. It was therefore concluded that enteral AKG has a low availability to peripheral tissues either because it is absorbed and metabolized in the stomach and duodenum or because it is metabolized by microbes in the stomach. The study showed that AKG is metabolized differently following enteral and parenteral application in growing pigs