Detection of High Grade Prostate Cancer among PLCO Participants Using a Prespecified 4-Kallikrein Marker Panel

Purpose: We assessed the performance of a 4-kallikrein panel with and without microseminoprotein-β to predict high grade (Gleason 7+/Gleason Grade Group 2+) prostate cancer on biopsy in a multiethnic cohort from PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial). Materials and Methods: Levels of free, intact, total prostate specific antigen, human kallikrein-2 and microseminoprotein-β were measured while blinded to outcomes in cryopreserved serum from men in the intervention arm of PLCO. Marker levels of 946 men, of whom 100 were African American, were incorporated into a prespecified statistical model to predict high grade prostate cancer on biopsy. Results: The detection of high grade prostate cancer in 94 men (10%) was enhanced by the 4-kallikrein panel with an AUC of 0.79 compared to 0.73 for PCPTRC (Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator), representing a 0.060 increase (95% CI 0.032-0.088, p