Two cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3, one being a vaccine failure

We report two cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (SP-HUS) caused by serotype 3. One case occurred in an unvaccinated boy and 1 in a girl vaccinated with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. SP-HUS must be considered in children, and conjugate vaccines may be less effective against serotype 3 than other serotypes