Results from a climatological model of heavy metals in Europe’s atmosphere

There is increasing observational evidence that heavy metals’ air emissions cause not only local contamination, but also travel long distances in Europe and contribute to widespread, although low-level, contamination of the environment (e.g. Pacyna, et al, 1984; Ottar, et al, 1989). The TRACE model (TRB.cetoxic Air Concentrations in fftirope) has been developed to compute the long range transport of various heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) on the European-scale. A preliminary version of this model was reported in Alcamo, et al (1991a) and model refinements and application are given in Alcamo, et al (1991b) and Bartnicki et al (1991)