Malaysian logistics educational needs: The correlation between logistics programme, knowledge and competency.

The “educational needs” is a condition of the necessity for education on a specific topic identified by a gap in professional or working practice (Lai, 2010). In relation to logistics, it is a situation that refers to the discrepancy or gap between what the logistics industry expects of a competent logistician and what actually occurs at present. Studies regarding the relationship between logistics programmes offered by higher education institutions (HEIs) and logistics educational needs (LEN) have received considerable attention in the logistics education literature (for examples see Gravier & Farris, 2008; Wu, 2007)