The system architecture of cyber-physical systems integration for underground utility networks visualisation

Problems involving underground utilities networks are often faced by project teams in developing a new area near to an existing area or where changes to the functionality of an existing structure are involved. This is because an existing network of underground utilities will require special attention before work on the construction site begins. Often, there is uncertainty about the position of the underground utilities network that ultimately poses a risk during the work on site. The integration of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) with Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) Technology has given a new dimension to the concept of information visualisation and has the potential to change how people work, interact and experience their surrounding environment. These integration technologies are an exciting emerging research area that impacts upon the needs of the stakeholders, especially when underground utilities networks are involved. Several identified needs are related with the excavation and installation work process, the realignment of existing and new pipes and also the updating of databases on existing servers. This paper presents an overview of the system architecture of technologies involved in integrating VR-AR-CPS in the pre-construction stage. The integration can have a considerable impact to the construction industry, particularly in the early stages of construction. It will not only visualize the important information, such as underground utilities networks, for the project team but also automatically update the database for any changes or alignment to a network system. This will be done at the construction site in real-time and real-environment. Moreover, it helps project teams make informed, more error-free decisions. Thus, the integration of Cyber-Physical Systems with Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality provides greater efficiency to those involved in the field, particularly when making timely decisions