Conceptual modeling research in information systems: What we now know and what we still do not know

Much of conceptual modeling research over recent times has been guided by a seminal research agenda developed by Wand and Weber (2002), which identified twenty-two research opportunities. In this paper, we explore whether existing research has provided sufficient answers to these questions. Our findings from a review of the literature show a dialectic: several of the opportunities noted in 2002 have been addressed substantially while others have been entirely neglected. We also found several path breaking studies that addressed problems not spotted by the initial framework. To stimulate a forward-looking wave of conceptual modeling research, we provide a new framework that draws the attention of conceptual modeling research to the interplay between digital representations and outcomes