In the Kingdom of Poland, after the January Insurrection was crushed, many upper-class women were forced to support themselves because of the economic situation; there was therefore a heated discussion, among others in the press, about the need and extent of female education; it closely followed the discussion about the role and position of women in the society. So-called the „drawing-room” education with focus on teaching foreign languages which used to prevail so far, was strongly criticised. Its outcome – the so-called „drawing room doll” – was contrasted with the ideal of a „good housewife”. There were no doubts as to preparations necessary to run a household; general education became the main topic of polemics, as well as preparation t...