Comparison between permacultural, conventional and ecological garden

V Sloveniji, pa tudi drugod po svetu, je opazna težnja, da bi vsako gospodinjstvo imelo svoj vrt, vedno večja pa je tudi želja po samooskrbi. Prav tako so ljudje vedno bolj osveščeni glede pomembnosti neoporečne hrane, vzgojene brez pesticidov in na čim bolj naraven način. Zato je bila v letu 2016 narejena diplomska naloga, katere namen je iz različnih aspektov, pomembnih za vsakega sodobnega vrtičkarja, ugotoviti, kakšen način vrtnarjenja je najbolj optimalen, da ima vrtičkar čim več koristi s čim manj negativnimi vplivi na okolje. Med tremi različnimi načini oskrbe vrta, in sicer permakulturnim, ekološkim ter konvencionalno oskrbovanim vrtom, je bila narejena primerjava skupne količine pridelkov posameznih zelenjadnic, števila plodov, velikosti rastlin, največje pojavnosti določenih bolezni in škodljivcev, populacija deževnikov ter analiza inputov in ocena tržne vrednosti. V poskusu smo želeli priti do rezultatov, kateri pridelovalni način privablja največ koristnih organizmov ter naredili primerjavo v populaciji deževnikov. Kot zaključek je iz vseh vloženih inputov (stroški za gnojila, škropiva, ure dela ...) ovrednotena in izračunana povprečna lastna cena pridelkov glede na način oskrbe vrta. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bilo v primerjavi s konvencionalnim vrtom na ekološkem 25,01 % manj pridelka, na permakulturnem pa 39,38 %. Pri analizi populacije deževnikov smo prišli do zaključka, da sta število srednjih deževnikov in skupna masa deževnikov odvisna od načina pridelave. Tako je število srednjih deževnikov na ekološkem vrtu (17,0/0,25 m2) in permakulturnem vrtu (17,5/0,25 m2) statistično enako in večje od števila deževnikov na konvencionalnem vrtu (12,0/0,25 m2 ). Pri izračunu tržne vrednosti smo prišli do rezultatov, da je najoptimalnejši ekološki vrt s skupnimi stroški 348,8 € letno. Rezultati poskusa, narejenega v letu 2016, lahko vrtičkarjem pomagajo pri lažji odločitvi, za kateri pridelovalni sistem se bodo odločili.In Slovenia, and also in other parts of the world, in every household there is tendency to have its own garden and also to be as mush self-efficient as possible. The awareness about importance of impeccable food, without pesticides and grown naturally, is increasing. Purpose of this thesis made in 2016 is from different aspects, important for every knowledgeable gardener, to see which kind of gardening is the most optimal so the gardener has as much profit as possible, with minimum negative impacts on environment. Between the three different types of gardening: permacultural, biological and conventional, there was made a comparison in quantity of harvest from each type of vegetable, number of fruits, height of the plants, the incidence of illnesses and pests, which garden attracts most beneficial organisms and comparison between populations of earthworms. From all inputs (costs for fertilizers, plant protection, hours of work…) there was made an evaluation of the average own price of harvest, according to the type of production. The results has shown that in comparison with conventional garden, there was 25,01 % less harvest on biological and 39,38 % less harvest on permacultural garden. When analyzing earthworms, we came to results, that the number of middle size earthworms and gross weight depends on type of production. Number of middle sized earthworms on biological garden (17,0/0,025 m2) and on permacultural (17,5/0,25 m2) is statistically equal or bigger from number of earthworms on conventional garden (12,0/0,25 m2). Calculating market value, we got the results, that the most optimal is biological garden with 348,8 € costs per year. Results from experiment made in 2016 can help gardeners with decision, which type of production they will choose