Legal regulation of the animal genetic resources conservation in Europe

Vse bolj intenzivna živinoreja in številni dejavniki, ki ogrožajo obstoj različnih pasem domačih živali, imajo za posledico zmanjšano genetsko raznovrstnost in sposobnost prilagajanja na spreminjajoče se okoljske in podnebne razmere. Namen ohranjanja živalskih genskih virov je zagotoviti, da bodo edinstveni genski viri na voljo tudi v prihodnje. Poznamo in situ in vivo, ex situ in vivo ter ex situ in vitro metode ohranjanja genskih virov. Ohranjanje je organizirano na globalni, mednarodni, regionalni in nacionalni ravni. V okviru globalnega pravnega okvira je Organizacija Združenih narodov za prehrano in kmetijstvo (FAO) za upravljanje z živalskimi genskimi viri postavila globalno strategijo in akcijski načrt. Za mednarodni pravni okvir je zelo pomembna Konvencija o biološki raznovrstnosti (CBD), na katero se opira večji del držav. Regionalni okvir tvorijo uredbe in direktive, nacionalni okvir zakoni in drugi pravni predpisi. Namen naloge je bil pregledati in primerjati zakonodajo v evropskih državah, ki se nanaša na ohranjanje živalskih genskih virov. Zakone in druge pravne predpise smo zbrali v preglednici in predstavili njihovo vsebino. Primerjali smo zakonodajo znotraj evropskih geografskih območij, med državami članicami EU in državami izven EU ter slovensko zakonodajo z zakonodajo sosednjih držav. Predpostavili smo, da je zakonodaja na področju ohranjanja živalskih genskih virov v evropskih državah različno urejena, da imajo države članice EU bolj urejeno zakonodajo v primerjavi z državami izven EU ter, da se zakonodaja razlikuje med geografskimi območji Evrope. Vse tri postavljene hipoteze smo v nalogi tudi potrdili.More and more intensive livestock and many factors which are threatening the existence of different domestic breeds have for result reduced genetic diversity and adaptability to changing environmental and climatic conditions. The purpose of the conservation of animal genetic resources is to ensure that the unique genetic resources will be available in the future. Known is in situ in vivo, ex situ in vivo and ex situ in vitro method of conservation of genetic resources. Conservation is organized on a global, international, regional and national level. In the context of a global legal framework the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for the management of animal genetic resources had set a global strategy and action plan. For the international legal framework is very important Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), on which most of the countries are based on. Regional framework is formed by regulations and directives, national framework by laws and other legal regulations. The purpose of the thesis was to examine and compare the laws in European countries relating to the conservation of animal genetic resources. Laws and other legal regulations are collected in the table and their content is presented. We did compare the legislation within the European geographical areas, between member countries of EU and countries outside EU and Slovenian legislation with legislation of neighbouring countries. We assumed that the legislation on conservation of animal genetic resources in the European countries is differently regulated, that member states of EU have a more orderly legislation than countries outside the EU and that the legislation distinguishes between geographical areas of Europe. All three set up hypothesis we also confirmed in thesis