Land Registry operations and debtor\u27s position in the execution in real estate

V magistrskem delu so najprej obravnavani vpisi v zemljiško knjigo v postopku izvršbe na nepremičnine. Zemljiška knjiga je javni register v katerega se vpisujejo pravice in pravna dejstva glede določene nepremičnine, dostop do registra in vpogled v podatke o nepremičninah pa je vsakemu omogočen brezplačno na spletu. Ker je zemljiška knjiga izjemnega pomena za pravni promet z nepremičninami, je hitrost postopka odločanja o vpisih v zemljiško knjigo ključnega pomena za vse osebe, ki jih zadevajo ti vpisi. Najpomembnejši vpis v zemljiško knjigo v izvršbi na nepremičnine je zaznamba sklepa o izvršbi, s katerim upnik na nepremičnini pridobi prisilno zastavno pravico, ki mu v primeru, če dolžnik ne plača svojega dolga do upnika, omogoča, da se s prodajo nepremičnine na javni dražbi poplača iz izkupička. Drugi del magistrskega dela se osredotoča na položaj dolžnika v izvršbi na nepremičnine z vidika spremembe dolžnika. Do tega lahko pride na podlagi dedovanja, če dolžnik sprejme dediščino in s tem v last nepremičnino obremenjeno s hipoteko in gre v tem primeru za pravno nasledstvo prehoda obveznosti. Lahko pa pride samo do spremembe osebe dolžnika, če ta proda nepremičnino tretji osebi, pri čemer pa je pomembno, kdaj pride do vknjižbe lastninske pravice v zemljiško knjigo. Če se to zgodi po zaznambi izvršbe, bo izvršilni postopek stekel zoper novega zemljiškoknjižnega lastnika. V kolikor pa do tega pride pred zaznambo izvršbe je upniku onemogočeno poplačilo svoje terjatve, saj izvršba na tako nepremičnino ne bo dovoljena. Na voljo mu ostane le institut izpodbijanja dolžnikovih pravnih dejanj, s katerim pa bo le redko uspel zaradi težavnega načina dokazovanja slabovernosti dolžnika. In kot da varstvu dolžnika ni videti konca, je varovan še nasproti kupcu v izvršbi, saj lahko izkoristi pravno dobroto do triletnega bivanja v hiši ali stanovanju.The master thesis first deals with Land Registry operations in the execution in real estate. The Land Registry is a public registry in which are recorded all the rights and legal facts to the property, access to the registry and the view of information about each property is enabled for free online. Land Registry is very important for legal transactions with real estate, therefore the speed of the Land Registry operations is crucial for all parties concerned by these entries. The most important Land Registry operation in execution in real estate is annotation of execution, with it, the creditor gets compulsory mortgage in real estate. This mortgage gives creditor the possibility to get paid if the debtor is unwilling to do that by his own. The real estate is sold at a public auction to the highest bidder and the creditor gets paid off from the ransom of this transaction. The second part of the master\u27s thesis focuses on the situation of the debtor in the execution in real estate in terms of changes of the debtor. This can occur in succession, if the debtor accepts the inheritance and with it, real estate with mortgage. In this case we are talking about real legal succession of obligations from the testator to the inheritor. Or it can only get to changes in the person of the debtor, if the real estate is sold to a third party, therefore is important when it comes to entry of ownership right in the Land Registry. If this happens after the annotation of execution, the new owner will suffer the execution procedure. But if this occurs before the annotation of execution, the creditor cannot get paid off from this real estate. He has the possibility of fraudulent conveyance with actio Pauliana, but will hardly succeed due to the difficult way of proving bad faith of the debtor. And as to the protection of the debtor\u27s no end in sight, he is protected even against the buyer of an apartment or a house in the execution procedure, because he can get to live there up to three years after the sale