Dosage control of wood pellets in automatic packaging line

V diplomskem delu je predstavljena avtomatska linija za pakiranje lesnih peletov v vreče. Namen izdelave linije je bilo povečanje produktivnosti in zmanjšanje proizvodnih stroškov podjetja, ki se ukvarja s proizvodnjo in prodajo lesnih peletov. Avtomatska linija je sestavljena iz dveh delov, iz sistema za doziranje peletov ter avtomatskega pakirnega stroja – APS. Sistem za doziranje peletov je opremljen z dozirno enoto, ki vsebuje tehtalno posodo, zalogovnika ter štiri dozatorje. Dva dozatorja sta namenjena za grobo doziranje materiala, dva pa za fino doziranje materiala. Sistem vsebuje tudi dva elektronska instrumenta IMK IM – 227 z dozirnimi funkcijami, ki sta namenjena za obdelavo in prikaz podatkov o merjeni masi. Drugi del avtomatske linije za pakiranje lesnih peletov predstavlja avtomatski pakirni stroj Pentavac Penta 3100 z izhodnim trakom, ki je bil vgrajen v linijo. Moja naloga pri projektu je bila izdelava programa za krmiljenje sistema za doziranje peletov, nastavitev in umerjanje elektronskih instrumentov IMK IM - 227 ter zagon in preizkus delovanja linije. Za krmiljenje sistema je bil uporabljen programirljivi logični krmilnik (PLK) Siemens Logo 24 RC z 8 digitalnimi vhodi in 4 relejskimi izhodi. Ta krmilnik smo izbrali zaradi njegove ustreznosti glede zahtevnosti projekta ter cenovne ugodnosti. Program sem izdelal v grafičnem programskem jeziku FBD (funkcijski blokovni diagram) v programskem okolju Siemens Logo Software Comfort V8.0, ki je namenjen za programiranje krmilnikov serije Logo. Pri izdelavi avtomatske linije sem največ časa posvetil izdelavi programa. Največji izziv pri izdelavi programa je bil njegova zasnova, saj na začetku še nisem poznal vseh komponent, ki so bile vključene v stroj, ter njihovega principa delovanja, zato sem po nasvetu mentorja potem lažje začel s pisanjem programa. V prvem delu diplomskega dela je predstavljena linija za pakiranje lesnih peletov ter strojna oprema, ki je bila uporabljena pri izdelavi linije. V nadaljevanju je poudarek predvsem na izdelavi programa za krmiljenje sistema za doziranje peletov ter konfiguraciji strojne opreme. V sklepnem delu diplomskega dela pa sem zapisal ključne ugotovitve na osnovi izvedene izdelave avtomatske linije ter predstavil možne bodoče nadgradnje linije.The thesis presents an automatic packing line for the packing of wood pellets into bags. The purpose of the development of the line was to increase the production and decrease production expenses for a company which produces and packs the wood pellets. An introduced automatic packing line consists of two main partsthe first one being a pellet-feeding system and the second one an automatic packing machine (APM). Pellet-feeding system is equipped with a feeding unit which contains a weighing scale, a stock unit and four feeders. Two of those feeders have a task of rough feeding whereas the other two perform a job of fine feeding of the material. In addition, the system also contains two electronic instruments IMK IM-227, both of which have feeding functions and are intended to handle and display the data about the measured mass. The second part of the wood pellets packing line is an APM Pentavac Penta 3100 with the built-in output conveyor. In addition to developing a program which would control the pellet-feeding system, set and calibrate the electronic instruments of the IMK IM-227, my task was also to set up and test the operation of the line. In order to calibrate the system, I used a programmable logical controller (PLC) Siemens Logo 24 RC which contains 8 digital inputs and 4 relay outputs. I chose this controller because of its suitability, efficiency and optimal cost. The program was written in the program language called functional blog diagram (FBD) in a programming software Siemens Logo Software Comfort V8.0. This software is used for programming of the controllers of the Logo series. While creating an automatic line I spent most of the time writing the program. Since at first I did not know all of the components included in the machine and their principal behaviour, the greatest challenge was to determine its concept. After that my task of writing a program was much easier. In the first part of my thesis I present a line for the packing of the wood pellets and the hardware used to develop it. Further on I focus mostly on the writing of the program for controlling the pellet-feeding system and configuration of the hardware. In the final part of my thesis I gathered all the findings which were based on the development of the automatic line and presented some of the possible upgrades of the line