Facing the parents of premature babies with a stressful situation in the intensive care

Uvod: Prezgodnji porod je najpogostejši zaplet v nosečnosti. Fiziološke funkcije prezgodaj rojenega otroka se ohranjajo v inkubatorju na intenzivni enoti terapije in nege novorojenčka. Rojstvo prezgodaj rojenega otroka je lahko velika izkušnja krivde, strahu in nemoči staršev. Ločeni so od svojega otroka, odvisni od zdravnikov in medicinskih sester. Pravočasno prepoznavanje psihičnega stanja in zagotavljanje čustvene podpore staršem s pravimi posegi in tehnikami lahko omili stres in ponovno zagotovi vez med otrokom in starši. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati, kako se starši spopadejo s prezgodnjim rojstvom, ugotoviti tehnike za učinkovito komunikacijo med starši in zdravstvenim osebjem, kako nuditi čustveno podporo in zagotoviti informacije o stanju prezgodaj rojenega otroka. Metode: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s sistematičnim pregledom literature. Pri iskanju smo uporabili časovni okvir, in sicer od 2005 do 2016. Uporabljena literatura je bila v angleškem jeziku. Uporabili smo besedne zveze: nedonošen otrok, intenzivna terapija novorojenčkov, starševski stres, komunikacija in zdravstvena nega. V analizo smo vključili 20 člankov. Rezultati: Čustvena stiska mater prezgodaj rojenih otrok je velika. Stres izhaja že iz nepripravljenosti na porod. Ločenost otroka od matere jim daje občutek, da niso postale mame, povzroča dodaten stres, depresijo, nespečnost in posledično utrujenost. Medicinske sestre imajo pomembno vlogo. Poleg zdravstvene oskrbe prezgodaj rojenega otroka morajo poskrbeti še za družinske člane in jim nuditi čustveno podporo. Raziskave so pokazale, da se nivo starševskega stresa s pravilnimi tehnikami zmanjšuje. Razprava in sklep: Napredek medicine omogoča preživetje ekstremno prezgodaj rojenim otrokom in s tem je povezana dolga hospitalizacija. Dušeno zdravje matere, staršev in drugih družinskih članov pa je potisnjeno v ozadje dogajanja. Zavedanje medicinskih sester, kako se starši soočajo s prezgodaj rojenim otrokom, bi lahko s pravilno komunikacijo in tehnikami pripomoglo k zmanjšanju posttravmatske stresne motnje, depresije, tesnobe in drugih psihičnih težav staršev. S tem bi izboljšali kakovost življenja staršev tudi v času hospitalizacijeIntroduction: Preterm delivery is the most common complication in pregnancy. Physiological features of premature babies are maintained in an incubator in the Neonatal intensive care unit. The birth of premature babies can result in parents as tremendous experience of guilt, fear and powerlessness. They are separated from their children, they depend on doctors and nurses. We can mitigate the stress and re-assure the bond between children and parents with timely identification of their psychological status and providing emotional support, with the right interventions and techniques. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to explore how parents cope with premature birth, to identify techniques for effective communication between parents and medical staff, providing emotional support and information on the status of the newborn child. Methods: In this thesis, we used descriptive method with a systematic review of the literature. When searching, we used a time frame, from 2005 to 20016. The literature was searched in English. We used the phrases: premature children, intensive therapy of newborns, parental stress, communication, health care. The analysis included 20 articles. Results: The emotional distress of mothers of premature babies is higher. Source of stress already comes from unpreparedness to child birth. Separation of the child from the mother results in the feeling that they have not become mothers, additional stress, depression, insomnia and subsequent fatigue. Nurses play an important role. In addition to the medical care of premature babies, they must also provide an emotional support to family members. Discussion and conclusion: The progress of medicine allows the survival of extremely premature born babies, and that also results in long hospitalization. Mothers and other family members mental health is disregarded in many times and pushed into the background. Nurses awareness how parents react with having premature babies could be treated with proper communication and techniques to reduce their post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and other psychological problems. This would improve the quality of life of parents even at the time of hospitalization