Planning a pregnancy after preterm delivery

Uvod: Prezgodnji porod (PP), je porod pred dokončanim 37-im tednom nosečnosti in je glavni vzrok perinatalne obolevnosti in umrljivosti. Do njega privedejo različne komplikacije v nosečnosti. Rojstvo nedonošenčka zahteva oskrbo novorojenčkov na EINT, kar pa lahko vpliva na želje staršev o tem, ali sploh ter kdaj bi si želeli načrtovati novo nosečnost. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstavitev PP ter osvetlitev položaja v katerem se starša znajdeta, pred načrtovanjem nove nosečnosti. Glavni namen raziskave je bil raziskati, kdaj si želijo ženske po PP zanositi v povezavi z nekaterimi dejavniki. Metode dela: V prvem delu je bil napravljen pregled domače in tuje literature, najdene preko internetnih baz podatkov Cobiss, Medline, Cinahl, Wiley online library, DiKul, ter Google Scholar. V empiričnem delu je bila izvedena kvantitativna študija s spletno anketo, na podlagi teoretičnih izhodišč iz pregleda literature. Rezultati: V anketi so sodelovale le ženske z izkušnjo PP. Tako je bilo v raziskavo vključenih 213 ustrezno izpolnjenih anket. Pred 28-imi tedni GS je rodilo 6 % anketirank, največ (62 %) pa jih je rodilo med 34-im in 36-im 6/7 tedna GS. Več kot pol anketirank je želelo počakati več kot eno leto z novo nosečnostjo (54%). Manjša skupina anketiranih si je želela zanositi kmalu (19 %), 27 % anketiranih pa si ne želi več nikoli zanositi (tako prvo kot mnogorodke). Razprava in sklep: Raziskava je pokazala, da na odločitev o tem, kdaj ponovno zanositi, ne vplivajo starost matere ter obolenje in čas hospitalizacije otrokavplivalo pa je, če ima ženska že kakšnega otroka. Raziskava je tudi pokazala, da so ženske, ki so si želele zanositi v času enega leta po PP, nekoliko bolj (55,6 %) občutile »pozitivne občutke« (vznemirjenost, navdušenje, koprnenje, zamišljanje otrokovega izgleda), proti tistim, ki so želele zanositi čez več kot eno leto (49,3 %) ali si niso več želele zanositi (48,6 %). Nadaljnja kvalitativna raziskava dejavnikov, ki bi lahko vplivali na načrtovanje nosečnosti po prezgodnjem porodu, bi lahko pokazala, kako bi lahko zdravstveni delavci s svojim delom in nudenjem podpore, pripomogli k refleksiji ter odločitvi za ponovno nosečnost.Introduction: Preterm labor (PTB) is labor before completed 37th weeks of pregnancy caused by diversity of pregnancy complications. Along with birth of a baby that needs to be cared of in the NICU, which can influence on the decision of parents when and if so, to get pregnant again. Purpose: The purpose of thesis is to present PTB and dilemmas that parents might have when they are planning family. The research shows us, in what time women would like to get pregnant again after PTB in connection with some other factors. Method of work: Literature was found with databases COBISS, Medline, Cinahl, Wiley online library, DiKul and Google Scholar. Used literature was written in Slovene and English language. Results: In research participated only women with experience of PTB. 213 properly completed questionnaires were included. 6 % of women gave birth bellow the 28th weeks of pregnancy, the higher rate of births (62 %) was with gestation 34-36th 6/7 weeks. More than a half of women wished not to get pregnant in a year after PTB (54 %), 17 % of women have wished to get pregnant again within a year and 29 % of women wished not to get pregnant at all. Discussion and conclusion: Research showed us, that the desire about getting pregnant again, does not have influence by mother\u27s age, diseases and duration of hospitalization of the baby. What it does have influence is the fact if they have a child from before or not. Women that wished to get pregnant within a year after PTB felt a little more (55,6 %) »positive feelings« (excitement, enthusiasm, imagining how the baby looks like, etc.), than the ones that wished to wait with new pregnancy for at least a year (49,3 %) or those who wished not to get pregnant again at all (48,6 %). Further qualitative research of factors that could influence on pregnancy planning after PTB, could show us how a healthcare workers could help with their work, especially by encouraging mothers for planning new pregnancy