THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Združene države Amerike (v nadaljevanju ZDA) so demokratična država, za katero je značilen predsedniški sistem, kjer je oblast ločena na zakonodajno, izvršilno in sodno oblast, ki se med seboj omejujejo in nadzirajo. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti sistem »check and balances« med predsednikom in kongresom. Za raziskovanje sem se odločila predvsem za to, da bi ugotovila, ali je funkcija predsednika ZDA res tako pomembna in ali je pri svojem delu popolnoma avtoritativen in neodvisen. Za raziskovanje sem uporabila primarne in sekundarne vire. V prvem delu diplomskega dela sem predstavila odvisnost in povezanost predsednika in kongresa. Te odvisnost se kaže v zakonodajnem procesu, kjer je kongres kljub svoji zakonodajni funkciji odvisen od predsednika, ki ima pravico veta in lahko zavrne sprejetje določenega zakona. Predsednik je na drugi strani pri izvajanju svoje funkcije odvisen od kongresa, saj ta lahko proti njemu sproži ustavno pritožbo, za sprejetje določenih mednarodnih pogodb in imenovanje določenih funkcij pa predsednik potrebuje ustrezno večino senata. V drugem delu sem predstavila tudi, v kolikšni meri strankarska pripadnost vpliva na moč predsednika. Predsednik bo tako užival večjo moč, ko ima njegova stranka večino v kongresu. Na osnovi raziskave smo ugotovili, da sistem nadzora in ravnotežja, ki je določen tudi z ustavo, preprečuje samovoljno izvrševanje oblasti predsednika. Predsednik in kongres sta odvisna drug od drugega, za izvajanje njunih nalog pa je potrebno medsebojno sodelovanje. Enostrankarska vlada sicer da nekoliko več moči predsedniku, vendar je kljub temu potrebno tudi sodelovanje z opozicijo.The United States of America (hereinafter USA) are a democratic Country, characterized by a presidential system, where the authority is divided into the legislative, executive and judicial power, which limit and control each other. The purpose of the thesis is to present the “check and balances” system between the President and the Congress. I particularly decided to research this in order to determine, whether the function of the President of the USA is really that important and whether he is fully authoritative and independent in his work. For research purposes I used primary and secondary sources. In the first part of the thesis, I presented the dependence and connection between the President and the Congress. This dependence is reflecting in the legislative process, where the Congress, despite of its legislative function, depends on the President, who has a veto right and can overturn the adoption of a certain act. The President, on the other hand, at the execution of his function depends on the Congress, since it can initiate an impeachment against him, and for the adoption of certain international treaties and naming of certain functions, the President needs a suitable majority of the Senate. In the second part I also presented, to which extent party affiliation impacts the power of the President. The President will have more power, if his party has the majority in the Congress. Based on the research, we found, that the “check and balances” system, which is also determined by the constitution, prevents arbitrary execution of the President’s power. The President and the Congress depend on each other and the execution of their tasks demands mutual cooperation. A one-party government provides the President with a little more power, but cooperation with the opposition is nevertheless necessary