International Law Approach to Human Rights in Cyberspace

Razvoj informacijske tehnologije in interneta je soustvaril nov prostor, ki je razpet med fizično in virtualno resničnostjo. V letih po nastanku kibernetskega prostora se je zdelo, da se ta zaradi svojih specifičnih lastnosti izmika pravni regulaciji. Do danes je dilema, ali mednarodno pravo in človekove pravice zavezujejo tudi v kibernetskem prostoru, že razrešena. Prav tako je mednarodno pravo človekovih pravic že uspelo pojasniti, kako razširiti uporabo nekaterih človekovih pravic v kibernetski prostor. To velja predvsem za svobodo izražanja in pravico do zasebnosti. Njunemu učinkovanju na internetu je zato posvečen osrednji del tega magistrskega diplomskega dela. V njem obravnavam teme kot so blokiranje in filtriranje spletnih strani, odgovornost posrednikov, pomen anonimnosti, množični nadzor komunikacij, hrambo osebnih podatkov idr. Osvetliti pa poskušam tudi nekatera vprašanja, ki jim bo v prihodnosti potrebno posvetiti še nekaj pozornoti. Ta vključujejo ekstrateritorialno uporabo pogodb o človekovih pravicah, internet in ekonomske, socialne in kulturne pravice, pravice otrok in dostop do interneta kot človekovo pravico.Development of information technology and the Internet has co-created a new space, divided between physical and virtual reality. Due to its specific characteristics, the legal regulation of cyberspace was disputed during the first years after its emergence. Today, the dilemma whether international law and human rights apply to cyberspace is already resolved. The international human rights law was already able to explainhow certain human rights should be interpreted in the context of cyberspace. This can be said in particular for the freedom of expression and the right to privacy. Therefore, the core part of this master thesis is dedicated to their application on the internet. I am addressing topics such as blocking and filtering of web sites, liability of intermediaries, the significance of anonymity, mass surveillance, data retention etc. I also seek to highlight some other questions that still need to be resolved in the future, including extraterritorial application of human rights treaties, internet and economic, social and cultural rights and rights of the child