Multivariate forecasting of road traffic flows in the presence of heteroscedasticity and measurement errors

Linear multiregression dynamic models (LMDMs), which combine a graphical representation of a multivariate time series with a state space model, have been shown to be a promising class of models for forecasting of traffic flow data. Analysis of flows at a busy motorway intersection near Manchester, UK, highlights two important modelling issues: accommodating different levels of traffic variability depending on the time of day and accommodating measurement errors occurring due to data collection errors. This paper extends LMDMs to address these issues. Additionally, the paper investigates how close the approximate forecast limits usually used with the LMDM are to the true, but not so readily available, forecast limits