The Effects of Prolonged Water Exposure on Human Skin

To gain insight into the pathogenesis of warm-water immersion dermatoses, an experimental technique was developed whereby skin sites on human subjects could be continuously exposed to water for varying time periods simulating actual exposures received by affected patients. Clinical and histologic observations of test sites exposed to water for 72 to 144 hours revealed intense subacute dermatitis. Contrary to established beliefs, the induction and intensity of responses were not dependent upon increases in skin surface pH or bacterial population. Moreover, neither posthydration anhidrosis nor miliaria were found, although stratum corneum hydration and maceration were pronounced. It is proposed that either water itself or some unrecognized potentially toxic natural surface substance is responsible for the dermatitis