Spin–lattice relaxation rates and water content of freeze-dried articular cartilage

SummaryObjectiveNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin–lattice relaxation rates were measured in bovine and porcine articular cartilage as a function of water content.MethodsWater content was varied by freeze-drying samples for short periods of time (up to 15min). The samples were weighed at all stages of drying so that water content could be quantified. Spin–lattice relaxation rates were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsLinear correlations were observed between relaxation rate and two measures of inverse water content: (1) solid-to-water ratio (ρ), expressed as a ratio of the mass of the solid component of the cartilage (ms) and the mass of water at each freeze-drying time point (mw), and (2) a ratio of the total mass of the fully-hydrated cartilage and mw (1/w). These correlations did not appear significantly different for the bovine and porcine data. However, fitting the data to a piecewise-linear model revealed differences between these two species. We interpret the first two segments of the piecewise model as the depletion of different water phases but conjecture that the third segment is partially caused by changes in relaxation rates as a result of a reduction in macromolecular mobilities.ConclusionsWhilst we can produce linear correlations which broadly describe the dependence of the measured spin–lattice relaxation rate on (inverse) water content, the linear model seems to obscure a more complicated relationship which potentially provides us with more information about the structure of articular cartilage and its extracellular water