SummaryBackgroundThe conversion of an analog stimulus into the digital form of spikes is a fundamental step in encoding sensory information. Here, we investigate this transformation in the visual system of fish by in vivo calcium imaging and electrophysiology of retinal bipolar cells, which have been assumed to be purely graded neurons.ResultsSynapses of all major classes of retinal bipolar cell encode visual information by using a combination of spikes and graded signals. Spikes are triggered within the synaptic terminal and, although sparse, phase-lock to a stimulus with a jitter as low as 2–3 ms. Spikes in bipolar cells encode a visual stimulus less reliably than spikes in ganglion cells but with similar temporal precision. The spike-gen...
To better understand synaptic signaling at the mammalian rod bipolar cell terminal and pave the way ...
Image processing begins in the retina, where neurons respond with graded voltage changes that must b...
Most neurons transmit information digitally using spikes that trigger the release of synaptic vesicl...
SummaryBackgroundThe conversion of an analog stimulus into the digital form of spikes is a fundament...
AbstractBipolar cells in the vertebrate retina have been characterized as nonspiking interneurons. U...
Retinal bipolar cells have been assumed to generate purely graded responses to light. To test this i...
Understanding how neural circuits transmit information is technically challenging because the neural...
The visual system transmits information about fast and slow changes in light intensity through separ...
SummaryUnderstanding how neural circuits transmit information is technically challenging because the...
What visual information do the graded potentials among retinal bipolar pathways actually transmit fr...
The visual signal impinging on the photoreceptor array is passed through a series of spatio-temporal...
SummaryIn the mammalian retina, 10–12 different cone bipolar cell (BC) types decompose the photorece...
In daylight, the input to the retinal circuit is provided primarily by cone photoreceptors acting as...
SummaryIn daylight, the input to the retinal circuit is provided primarily by cone photoreceptors ac...
In the mammalian retina, 10–12 different cone bipolar cell (BC) types decompose the photoreceptor si...
To better understand synaptic signaling at the mammalian rod bipolar cell terminal and pave the way ...
Image processing begins in the retina, where neurons respond with graded voltage changes that must b...
Most neurons transmit information digitally using spikes that trigger the release of synaptic vesicl...
SummaryBackgroundThe conversion of an analog stimulus into the digital form of spikes is a fundament...
AbstractBipolar cells in the vertebrate retina have been characterized as nonspiking interneurons. U...
Retinal bipolar cells have been assumed to generate purely graded responses to light. To test this i...
Understanding how neural circuits transmit information is technically challenging because the neural...
The visual system transmits information about fast and slow changes in light intensity through separ...
SummaryUnderstanding how neural circuits transmit information is technically challenging because the...
What visual information do the graded potentials among retinal bipolar pathways actually transmit fr...
The visual signal impinging on the photoreceptor array is passed through a series of spatio-temporal...
SummaryIn the mammalian retina, 10–12 different cone bipolar cell (BC) types decompose the photorece...
In daylight, the input to the retinal circuit is provided primarily by cone photoreceptors acting as...
SummaryIn daylight, the input to the retinal circuit is provided primarily by cone photoreceptors ac...
In the mammalian retina, 10–12 different cone bipolar cell (BC) types decompose the photoreceptor si...
To better understand synaptic signaling at the mammalian rod bipolar cell terminal and pave the way ...
Image processing begins in the retina, where neurons respond with graded voltage changes that must b...
Most neurons transmit information digitally using spikes that trigger the release of synaptic vesicl...