Odd or even on plane trees

AbstractOver all plane trees with n edges, the total number of vertices with odd degree is twice the number of those with odd outdegree. Deutsch and Shapiro posed the problem of finding a direct two-to-one correspondence for this property. In this article, we give three different proofs via generating functions, an inductive proof and a two-to-one correspondence. Besides, we introduce two new sequences which enumerate plane trees according to the parity of the number of leaves. The explicit formulae for these sequences are given. As an application, the relation provides a simple proof for a problem concerning colored nets in Stanley's Catalan Addendum