Impact of perinatal factors on growth deficits in preterm infants

SummaryObjectiveTo review perinatal factors associated with a growth deficit in preterm infants at a corrected age of one year.MethodsCohort study of preterm infants with a birth weight < 2,000g. Percentiles and Z scores of body weight (W/A), length (L/A) and head circumference (HC/A) at one year of corrected age were calculated by using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention curves.ResultsAmong 303 preterm infants, the frequencies of measures below the 10thpercentile (P10) and Z scores −2 were 43.2% and 24.4% for W/A, 22.1% and 8.6% for L/A and 15.8% and 4.6% for HC/A, respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed factors associated with higher odds for W/A < P10 were resuscitation at birth (1.8 times) and small for gestational age infants (3.0 times). In infants rated as small at full-term postconceptual age, the odds for W/A < P10 were 4.0 times as high in those with a birth weight between 1,000 and 1,499g and 3.5 times as high in those ≥ 1,500g. As birth length was reduced, the odds for L/A < P10 increased, but this was not associated with birth weight. The odds for HC/A < P10 were 2.5 times as high in small for gestational age infants. In infants with a body weight < 1,000g, the odds for HC/A < P10 were 4.4 times higher, compared with those between 1,000g and 1,499g and 5.3 times higher if compared with those ≥ 1,500g.ConclusionAt a corrected age of one year, preterm infants with a birth weight < 2,000g were found with high growth deficits frequencies, and associated factors were variable, depending on the analyzed deficit, with intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction being outstanding predictors