Literary Status and Influence of Jixian Scholars at the Height of the Tang Dynasty

胡旭,厦门大学中文系教授、博士生导师,文学博士;李芸华,厦门大学中文系博士研究生。【中文摘要】唐开元中期崇儒重文,以张说、张九龄等为中心的集贤学士地位崇高,文学活动十分频繁。他们在一定程度上整合了京城文坛,成为文学创作的核心。然而到了开元后期及天宝年间,随着意识形态上的慕道用法,文学之士风光不再,集贤院也不再是文学中心,京城的文学队伍因之而变得松散。集贤学士显赫之时,上与帝王显贵游宴雅集,下与聚集于京师的各地才俊往还酬唱,促进了雅俗诗风的交融,使文学创作向更高的层次推进,于盛唐诗歌声律、风骨兼备特质的形成,意义重大。集贤学士在为文方面普遍崇雅黜浮,强调气益雄浑,对中唐古文运动的影响非常深刻。而且,一些位居中枢的集贤学士,培养、选拔了一批文学新人,为中唐文体文风的变革奠定了基础。盛唐文学的内容、风格及成因,与集贤学士的创作和影响皆有着某种程度的关联。 【Abstract】In the middle of the Kaiyuan-period of the Tang Dynasty, Confucianism and literature were taken seriously, and Jixian scholars as typified by Zhang Yue and Zhang Jiuling enjoyed a high status and were highly active in the literary arena. They integrated the capital's literary community to a certain degree and became its core. However, with the ideology changing from Confucianism towards Taoism and Legalism in the late Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods, the glory of the literati soon became something of the past. The Jixian Academy ceased to be the literary center, resulting in a loose structure for the literati in the capital. When Jixian scholars were in a prominent position, they interacted with the emperor and dignitaries as well as talented littérateurs in the capital; they often traveled and feasted together and gathered to talk about poetry, which promoted the blending of elegance and vulgarity in poetic style, but also elevated the poetry art to a higher level. They also played a big role in forming the poetic feature of combining the tonal meter and vigor of the Tang Dynasty at its height. Jixian scholars generally attached importance to the formation of the elegant and vigorous essay style, which had a profound influence on the Ancient Prose Movement in mid-Tang period. Moreover, Jixian scholars who worked in the central organization cultivated and promoted a group of new littérateurs with their political and cultural identities, laying the foundation for the reform of the style of writing in the mid-Tang period. The content, style and origin of the literature of the Tang Dynasty at its height were associated with the creation and influence of Jixian scholars to a certain extent