Detecting cosmic rays with the LOFAR radio telescope
- Schellart, P.
- Nelles, A.
- Buitink, S.
- Corstanje, A.
- Enriquez, J. E.
- Falcke, H.
- Frieswijk, W.
- Hörandel, J. R.
- Horneffer, A.
- James, C. W.
- Krause, M.
- Mevius, M.
- Scholten, O.
- ter Veen, S.
- Thoudam, S.
- Van Den Akker, M.
- Alexov, A.
- Anderson, J.
- Avruch, I. M.
- Bähren, L.
- Beck, R.
- Bell, M. E.
- Bennema, P.
- Bentum, M. J.
- Bernardi, G.
- Best, P.
- Bregman, J.
- Breitling, F.
- Brentjens, M.
- Broderick, J.
- Brüggen, M.
- Ciardi, B.
- Coolen, A.
- De Gasperin, F.
- de Geus, E.
- De JONG, A.
- De Vos, M.
- Duscha, S.
- Eislöffel, J.
- Fallows, R. A.
- Ferrari, C.
- Garrett, M. A.
- Grießmeier, Jean-Mathias
- Grit, T.
- Hamaker, J. P.
- Hassall, T. E.
- Heald, G.
- Hessels, J. W. T.
- Hoeft, M.
- Holties, H. A.
- Iacobelli, M.
- Juette, E.
- Karastergiou, A.
- Klijn, W.
- Kohler, J.
- Kondratiev, V. I.
- Kramer, M.
- Kuniyoshi, M.
- Kuper, G.
- Maat, P.
- Macario, G.
- Mann, G.
- Markoff, S.
- McKay-Bukowski, D.
- McKean, J. P.
- Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
- Mol, J. D.
- Mulcahy, D. D.
- Munk, H.
- Nijboer, R.
- Norden, M. J.
- Orru, E.
- Overeem, R.
- Paas, H.
- Pandey-Pommier, M.
- Pizzo, R.
- Polatidis, A. G.
- Renting, A.
- Romein, J. W.
- Röttgering, H.
- Schoenmakers, A.
- Schwarz, D.
- Sluman, J.
- Smirnov, O.
- Sobey, C.
- Stappers, B. W.
- Steinmetz, M.
- Swinbank, J.
- Tang, Y.
- Tasse, C.
- Toribio, C.
- Van Leeuwen, J.
- van Nieuwpoort, R.
- van Weeren, R. J.
- Vermaas, N.
- Vermeulen, R.
- Vocks, C.
- Vogt, C.
- Wijers, R. A. M. J.
- Wijnholds, S. J.
- Wise, M. W.
- Wucknitz, O.
- Yatawatta, S.
- Zarka, P.
- Zensus, A.
DOIAbstract
International audienceThe low frequency array (LOFAR), is the first radio telescope designed with the capability to measure radio emission from cosmic-ray induced air showers in parallel with interferometric observations. In the first $\sim 2\,\mathrm{years}$ of observing, 405 cosmic-ray events in the energy range of $10^{16} - 10^{18}\,\mathrm{eV}$ have been detected in the band from $30 - 80\,\mathrm{MHz}$. Each of these air showers is registered with up to $\sim1000$ independent antennas resulting in measurements of the radio emission with unprecedented detail. This article describes the dataset, as well as the analysis pipeline, and serves as a reference for future papers based on these data. All steps necessary to achieve a full recons...
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