Ectopic parathyroid tumor in thorax – case report

Cilj: Prikazati pacijenticu s primarnim hiperparatireoidizmom zbog ektopičnog smještenog tumora doštitne žlijezde u toraksu. Prikaz slučaja: 64-godišnja pacijentica s od ranije poznatom hipotireozom i hipertenzijom manifestirala se slikom normocitne anemije, bubrežne insuficijencije i smetnjama gutanja. Zbog navedenih simptoma učinjena je višeslojna kompjutorizirana tomografija (MSCT) toraksa koja je pokazala tvorbu u stražnjem gornjem medijastinumu, uz promjene na kostima i sumnju na sekundarizme. U sklopu nefrološke obrade uočene su izrazito visoke vrijednosti serumskog kalcija (> 3 mmol/L) i paratireoidnog hormona (PTH) (200 pmol/L), što je ukazalo da se najvjerojatnije radi o primarnom hiperparatireoidizmu. Učinjena je dodatna obrada: scintigrafija doštitnih žlijezda, punkcija navedene tvorbe i citološka analiza. Navedene dijagnostičke metode potvrdile su da se radi o primarnom hiperparatireoidizmu najvjerojatnije adenoma ektopično smještene doštitne žlijezde. Pacijentica je podvrgnuta operativnom zahvatu, torakotomiji te odstranjenju navedene tvorbe. Postoperativni kirurški tijek bio je uredan. U laboratorijskim nalazima javila se očekivana hipokalcemija, zbog sindroma „gladne kosti” koja je medikamentozno tretirana. Naknadno prispjeli patohistološki nalaz ukazao je na to da se radi o novotvorini doštitne žlijezde nesigurnog malignog potencijala. S obzirom na to da je jedini potpuno pouzdani pokazatelj zloćudne prirode bolesti nalaz metastaza, dijagnoza karcinoma nije se mogla postaviti. Vrijednosti PTH-a postoperativno su bile unutar referentnih vrijednosti. Tijekom praćenja pacijentice u razdoblju od pola godine nakon operativnog zahvata nije došlo do povrata bolesti. Zaključak: Primarni hiperparatireoidizam čest je endokrinološki poremećaj i o njemu treba razmišljati u svakodnevnom radu. Osim povećanih doštitnih žlijezda na tipičnom mjestu u vratu, moguć je razvoj i ektopčno smještenih doštitnih žlijezda.Introduction: The aim was to present a case of primary hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic parathyroid adenoma localized in thorax. Case report: We report a case of a 64-yearold female patient with hypothyroidism and hypertension in her medical history, presented to us with normocytic anemia, renal insufficiency and dysphagia. Due to swallowing disorder multi-slice computed tomography of thorax was performed and mass in upper-back mediastinum with ossification changes suspicious for metastatic process was found. Within the nephrology examination, hypercalcemia (>3 mmol/L) and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) value (200 pmol/L) were noticed, which pointed to the possibility of primary hyperparathyroidism. Consequentially, parathyroid scintigraphy, aspiration biopsy and cytological analysis were performed. Primary hyperparathyroidism was affirmed and ectopic parathyroid adenoma was suggested as possible etiology. The patient has undergone surgical procedure based on thoracotomy with extirpation of the mass. Surgical postoperative course was regular. Postoperative laboratory findings showed hypocalcemia, which was expected due to “hungry bone” syndrome, so medication treatment was necessary. Subsequently, histopathological analysis showed parathyroid tumor with insecure malignant potential. Since metastases were the only satisfied criteria for the malignancy, the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma couldn’t be allocated. PTH values after surgery were within the reference range. During a 6-month postoperative follow-up no signs of the disease recurrence were detected. Conclusion: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a very common endocrinology disorder, hence it has to be on a differential diagnosis list in every day clinical practice Except increased parathyroid glands in the typical site in the neck, it is possible to develop ectopic parathyroid glands