ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BOSNIAN DUKE RADOSLAV PAVLOVIĆ AND THE INHABITANTS OF DUBROVNIK

Veliki bosanski vojvoda Radoslav Pavlović, jedan od područnih gospodara koji je obilježio bosansku srednjovjekovnu povijest I. polovice 15. stoljeća, svoju bogatu političku i gospodarsku aktivnost ostvaruje putem svojih odnosa s Dubrovčanima. Upravo će se u radu pratiti njegove gospodarske veze s Dubrovčanima na temelju kojih je ostvario velike novčane i robne prihode. Riječ je o trgovačkim poslovima, posebice prodaji olova, davanju carina u zakup kao i naplaćivanju carina, dobiti od uloženog novca pohranjenog u dubrovačku Komunu od prodaje dijela Konavala Dubrovniku. Ti odnosi ostvarivali su se preko Radoslavovih poslanika, poklisara, koji su u Dubrovniku uživali velik ugled i povjerenje. Uspješne gospodarske veze Radoslava Pavlovića s Dubrovčanima temeljile su se na predispozicijama koje su Pavlovići imali, primjerice posjedovali su važan rudnik kvalitetnog olova Olovo, kao i znatne carine u dubrovačkom zaleđu i na ušću Neretve te trgovačkim putovima koji su vodili u unutrašnjost, Bosnu, Srbiju, Ugarsku. Također, Pavlovići su imali i dio Konavala koje su Dubrovčani nastojali uključiti u planove svoga teritorijalnog širenja. Rudarski proizvodi u izvoznoj trgovini srednjovjekovne Bosne imaju važno mjesto, a upravo je bitno obilježje gospodarskog razvoja Dubrovnika od sredine 14. stoljeća razgranata posrednička trgovina rudarskim proizvodima srebrom i olovom iz Bosne i Srbije. Važno je da se u trgovinu bosanskim olovom, osim Dubrovčana, bosanskoga kralja i feudalaca, kakav je i Radoslav Pavlović, o čijem se doprinosu u radu i govori, uključuju i domaći ljudi. Najveći dio bosanskog olova iz Dubrovnika odlazio je na strana tržišta, Italiju, Španjolsku, Tursku, a samo je manji dio služio za lokalne potrebe u Dubrovniku. Izvoz bosanskog olova tekao je i preko Venecije. I vojvoda Radoslav Pavlović, kao i ostali područni gospodari i kraljevi, davao je svoje carine u zakup, najčešće Dubrovčanima, poput olovske i drijevske carine, čije je četvrtine bio vlasnik. Dobivali su od zakupaca ugovoreni iznos zakupa, što im je osiguravalo dobit. Ovaj je bosanski vojvoda imao carine i u drugim svojim mjestima u koja su Dubrovčani dolazili sa svojom robom. Na svojim je područjima vojvoda Radoslav propisivao svoje odluke o carinama, provoznim, usputnim te carinama na samom trgu gdje se i prodavalo.The great Bosnian Duke Radoslav Pavlović, one of the regional masters who left his mark upon the Bosnian medieval history of the first half of the 15th century, achieved his prolific political and economic activity through his relations with the inhabitants of Dubrovnik. This paper deals with his economic relations with the inhabitants of Dubrovnik. These relations brought him great financial and retail income. These were trade enterprises, in particular trading lead, renting customs services as well as charging customs duties. The income from invested money was saved in the Dubrovnik Komuna which was gained by sale of part of Konavle to Dubrovnik. These relations were gained with the help of Radoslav’s commissioners, who were poklisars enjoying great trust and respect in Dubrovnik. The successful economic relations of Radoslav Pavlović with the inhabitants of Dubrovnik were based on the advantages that the Pavlović family had, such as possessing Olovo (Lead) which was a significant mine of quality of lead, as well as significant custom duties in the hinterland of Dubrovnik and the Neretva Estuary and the trade routes which lead inland, to Bosnia, Serbia and Hungary. Also, the Pavlovićs owned a part of Konavle which the Dubrovnik inhabitants tried to include into their plans of territorial spreading. Mining products held an important place in the export trade of medieval Bosnia, and the crucial feature of the economic growth of Dubrovnik from the mid 14th century was precisely this widespread intermediary trade of mining products, silver and lead, from Bosnia and Serbia. It’s significant that the local population was included in trading with Bosnian lead, not only the inhabitants of Dubrovnik and the Bosnian king and nobilities, as for example Radoslav Pavlović, whose contribution is the topic of this paper. The greatest part of Bosnian lead from Dubrovnik ended up in foreign markets, Italy, Spain or Turkey, and only a small portion served to satisfy the local needs of Dubrovnik. The export of Bosnian lead took place also through Venice. Both Duke Radoslav Pavlović, as well as the rest of the regional masters and kings, rented their customs, mostly to people from Dubrovnik, such as lead and driev customs, of which he owned a quarter. They received the amount of rent money agreed upon, which ensured them a stable profit. This Bosnian duke also owned customs in other places where people of Dubrovnik came to sell their goods. In regions under his command Duke Radoslav made decisions on customs; transport, transitional as well as the customs in the very square where trading took place