DIFFERENCES IN EATING HABITS AMONG STUDENTS AGED 15-18 YEARS IN RELATION TO SEX IN THE AREA OF MUNICIPALITY TRAVNIK

Uvod: Pravilna prehrana je važan faktor za unapređenje i očuvanje zdravlja. Savremen način života koji karakteriše dug radni dan, neredovan unos hrane, unos bar jednog obroka u toku dana van kuće i promjena navika u prehrani u pogledu izbora, vrste, načina pripreme i količine namirnica u svakodnevnoj prehrani, uz smanjenu fizičku aktivnost, doveli su do porasta broja zdravstvenih problema u čijoj osnovi je nepravilna prehrana. Cilj rada: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati općenito prehrambene navike i status uhranjenosti srednjoškolaca na području općine Travnik, te postoje li određene razlike u navedenim karakteristikama s obzirom na spol. Metodologija: U istraživanje je uključeno 229 učenika uzrasta 15-18 godina, 90 učenika muškog spola i 139 ženskog spola. Kao instrumenti mjerenja korišteni su anketni upitnik koji je izrađen u svrhu ovog istraživanja (22 pitanja o prehrambenim i životnim navikama) i antropometrijska mjerenja (visina i težina). Procjena stepena uhranjenosti provedena je na osnovu percentilnih krivulja, tj. na osnovu izračunatih vrijednosti za visinu i masu u odnosu na godine. Rezultati: Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da prema percentilnim krivuljama 196 (85,59 %) učenika uzrasta od 15-18 godina ima poželjnu tjelesnu težinu, 29 (12,67 %) ima prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu, dok pretilih učenika nema. Kada je u pitanju konzumiranje kuhanog ručka na osnovu dobivenih rezultata postoji statistički značajna razlika (X2=10.400; df=3; Sig.=0.015 (p=0.05)), veći je postotak djevojaka 62 (44,60 %) koje svakodnevno konzumiraju isti u odnosu na mladiće 23 (25,56 %). Zaključak: Rezultati dobiveni ovim istraživanjem pokazali su da je najveći postotak ispitanika muškog 74 (82.22 %) i ženskog spola 122 (87,77 %) normalno uhranjeno, prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu ima 15 (16,67 %) mladića i 14 (10,07 %) djevojaka. Pravilna prehrana je veoma značajna za očuvanje zdravlja i za dug, kvalitetan život. Djeci i mladima je potrebna raznovrsna i uravnotežena prehrana, kako bi povoljno utjecala na rast i razvoj, dobru funkciju imunološkog sistema te mentalnu i radnu sposobnost.Introduction: Proper nutrition is an important factor for promotion and preservation of health. The modern way of life which is characterized by long working hours, irregular food intake, intake of at least one meal during the day out of the house and changes in dietary habits in terms of choice, type, method of preparation and amount of foods in the daily diet, with reduced physical activity, have led to increase the number of health problems that are based on unbalanced diet. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine overall dietary habits and nutritional status of high school students in the municipality of Travnik, and whether there are differences in these characteristics with regard to gender. Methodology: The study included 229 students aged 15-18 years, 90 were male students and 139 female. As instruments of measurement were used a questionnaire that was developed for this study (22 questions about dietary and lifestyle) and anthropometric measurements (height and weight). Assessment of nutritional state was carried out on the basis of percentile curves, ie. on the basis of the calculated values for height and weight compared to the year. Results: It was found that according to the percentile curves 196 (85.59%) students age 15-18 had a desirable body weight, 29 (12.67%) were overweight, and there were not obese students. When they were asked about the consumption of cooked lunch on the basis of the results there is a statistically significant difference (X2=10.400, df=3, Sig.=0.015 (p=0.05)) there was a higher percentage of girls 62 (44.60%) who daily consume the same in relation to boys 23 (25.56%). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the highest percentage of male respondents 74 (82.22%) and 122 females (87.77%) were normally nourished, overweight was 15 (16.67%) males and 14 (10.7%) girls. Proper nutrition is very important for health care and for a long, productive life. Children and young people need a varied and balanced diet, in order to favorably influence the growth and development, good function of the immune system and mental and working ability