Apiognomonia erythrostoma, Scolytus rugulosus and extream climatic conditions - causal agents of cherry and sour cherry trees decline in Dalmatia

Tijekom 2011. godine u više nasada trešnje i višnje Maraske u integriranom i ekološkom sustavu uzgoja, od lipnja do rujna primijećeni su simptomi uvijanja i sušenja lišća, a takvo lišće najčešće je ostajalo visjeti na stablu i zimi. Laboratorijskim analizama utvrđeno je da se radi o gljivi Apiognomonia erythrostoma (Pers.), uzročniku uvijenosti i sušenja lišća trešnje i višnje. Na većem broju zaraženih stabala, uz opisane simptome, na drvu u neposrednoj blizini pupova primijećene su rupe i nekrotizirano tkivo. Detaljnijim pregledom stabala pronađeni su potkornjaci, a determinacijom je utvrđeno da su to mali voćni potkornjaci (Scolytus rugulosus Muller). U navedenoj sezoni zabilježeni su i ekstremni klimatski uvjeti (visoke temperature, suša), koji su, uz navedene štetočinje, na pojedinim lokacijama bili uzrokom propadanja oko 50 % simptomatičnih stabala. U članku se prikazuje navedena gljivična bolest koju proizvođači na terenu najčešće ne prepoznaju, opisuju se simptomi, način njezinoga prijenosa to mogućnosti kontrole u integriranoj i ekološkoj proizvodnji. Članak obrađuje i malog voćnog potkornjaka, štete koje uzrokuje, njegovu biologiju i mogućnosti kontrole.During 2011 in period from June to September in several cherry and sour cherry cv. Maraska plantations in integrated and organic pest management curling and scorching of leaves which remained hanging on trees during winter were noticed. Laboratory analyses revealed fungus Apiognomonia erythrostoma (Pers.), causal agent of cherry leaf scorch and leaf spot. On a larger number of infected trees, beside mentioned symptoms, holes and necrotic tissue close to the buds were noticed. Detailed examination of trees revealed borers that were determined as a shothole borers (Scolytus rugulosus Muller). In mentioned season extreme climatic conditions (high temperatures, drought) were registered and, together with mentioned pests, caused decline of about 50 % of symptomatic trees on some locations. The article gives description of mentioned fungal disease, often not recognized by producers, description of symptoms, dissemination pathways and control strategies in integrated and ecological production. The article describes shothole borer, damages, biology and management possibilities