GENETIC ADVANCE IN YIELD COMPONENTS, GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SOYBEAN OS-LINES

Genetski napredak kultivara soje ima značajnu ulogu u povećanju uroda zrna, a kroz to, na razvoj, unaprijeđenje i stabilizaciju proizvodnje soje. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti genetski napredak u komponentama uroda, urodu zrna i kakvoći zrna soje analizom agronomske vrijednosti novih domaćih elitnih linija soja u usporedbi sa komercijalnim kultivarima. Pouzdanost svojstava kvantitete zrna kao selekcijskih mjerila u oplemenjivanju soje na urod zrna također je određivana. Pokusi su provedeni na pokusnom polju Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek u razdoblju od 2001 do 2003. lspitivanja su obuhvaćala 31 domaći genotip soje u okviru I. grupe zriobe. Prosječne vrijednosti, heritabilnost u širem smislu, genetska dobit i relativna genetska dobit od selekcije su izračunavani za komponente uroda, urod zrna, te sadržaj bjelančevina i ulja u zrnu. Dobiveni rezultati kvantitativno genetskih analiza ukazali su na postignuti napredak u oplemenjivanju soje na svojstva kvantitete i kakvoće zrna što će pridonijeti daljnjem unaprijeđenju i povećanju proizvodnje soje u našem području. Također, noviji oplemenjivački materijal predstavlja dobru genetsku osnovu budućih križanja usmjerenih na poboljšanje količine i kakvoće zrna soje. U pogledu pouzdanosti svojstava kao selekcijskih mjerila, komponente uroda zrna su određene kao pouzdanija mjerila u selekciji superiornih genotipova od uroda zrna per se zbog veće heritabilnosti (61.87-82.31%) i boljeg napretka u selekciji (10.63-22.78%). Svojstva kakvoće zrna imala su srednju heritabilnost (60.04-65.89%) i bolji napredak u selekciji (6.95-8.94%) u usporedbi s urodom zrna koji je imao nižu heritabilnost (29.87%), a relativna genetska dobit od selekcije iznosila je 0.43%.Genetic improvement of soybean cultivars has had significant role in yield increasing as well as in development, improvement and stabilization of soybean production, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic advance in yield components, grain yield and grain quality of soybean throughout analysis of agronomic values of new domestic elite breeding soybean lines in comparison with commercial cultivars. The reliability of the grain quantity traits as selection criteria in soybean breeding on grain yield were determined, too. The investigations were carried out at the Agricultural lnstitute Osijek from 2001 to 2003 and involved 31 domestic soybean genotypes ranging maturity groups l. Mean values, broad-sense heritability, genetic gain and relative genetic gain from selection were calculated for grain yield components, grain yield, protein and oil content in grain. The obtained results of quantitative genetic analysis indicated progress through breeding in grain quantity and quality traits that will contribute to further improving and increasing of soybean production in our region. Likewise, recent breeding materials represent good genetic basis for future hybridizations aimed at advancing of quantity and quality of grain yield in soybean genetically. Regarding to traits reliability as selection criteria, grain yield components are determined as more reliable criteria for selection of superior genotypes than grain yield per se due to higher heritability (61.87-82.31%) and better progress in selection (10.63-22.78%). Grain quality traits had medium heritability (60.04-65.89%) and better progress in selection (6.95-8.94%) compared to grain yield that had fess heritability (29.87%) and relative genetic gain from selection was 0.43%