THE PROBLEMS OF HYBRIDS SEED PRODUCTION OF SUNFLOWER

U ovom radu nastojali smo se kratko osvrnuti na neke najznačajnije probleme u proizvodnji sjemenskog suncokreta, iz osnovnog razlog , što mnogi naši proizvođači u ovom poslu nemaju još dovoljno iskustva. Poznato je da je proizvodnja suncokreta u Republici Hrvatskoj do unazad 25-30 godina bile bazirana na pretežno ruskim sortama, kasnije prvim francuskim sortama i hibridima. Otkrićem citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti (Leclercq 1969) i gena za obnavljanje fertilnosti (restorer gena) (Kinman,1970; Leclercq, 1971; Vranceanu i Stoanescu, 1971.idr.) započeto je novo razdoblje u proizvodnji hibridnog suncokreta na bazi citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti. Budući da su novostvoreni hibridi pokazali značajne prednosti u odnosu na spomenute sorte i kod nas je započeo rad na stvaranju inbred linija i prevođenju istih u CMS formu i traženju izvora restorer gena. Prvi eksperimentalni hibridi suncokreta stvoreni u Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek testirani su kroz mrežu mikro i makro pokusa i potvrdili svoju vrijednost kroz veći urod zrna i ulja, plastičnost, otpornost prema suši, ranozrelost i tolerantnost prema određim najznačajnim bolestima. Kao rezultat toga rada danas imamo priznalto i registrirano 7 hibrida (Osječanin, Fakir, Olio, Orion, Podravac, Slavonac i Sunce). Kvalitetni hibridi zahtijevaju i kvalitetno sjemenarstvo, te se zbog toga u ovom radu nastoji ukazati na neke od osnovnih ali ključnih momenata o kojima ovisi uspješna i kvalitetna proizvodnja sjemenskog suncokreta.The papers provides a brief consideration of the most important problems in the production of hybrid seed of sunflower, arising primarily due to the insufficient experience of many sunflower growers in this area. It is well known that sunflower production in Croatia was based mainly on Russian varieties until 1960, or on the first French varieties and hybrids. Upon the discovery of the cytoplasmatic male sterility (Leclercq, 1969) and genes for fertility restoration (gene restores) (Kinman, 1970; Leclercq, 1971;Vranceanu and Stoanescu, 1971 and others), a new period in the production of hybrid seed on the basis of cytoplasmatic male sterility started. Since the new hybrids had considerable advantages in comparison to the previously mentioned ones, in our country, too, work to create inbred lines, their carrying to the CMS form, including the search for the sources of gene restores was initiated. The first experimental sunflower hybrids created at the Osijek Agricultural Institute were tested in a number of micro- and macro-field trials and have confirmed their worthy, as obvious in the higher yield of kernels and oil, their plasticity, the resistance to drought, early maturating and tolerance to the principal diseases. As a result, today we have 7 hybrids approved (Osječanin, Olio, Orion, Podravac, Slavonac and Sunce). The high-quality hybrids imply the necessity of a high quality seed production. It was therefore our objective to present some of the key factors, the successful and quality hybrid seed production depends on