Boron in fertilization of woody plants

Boron in the soil is a native of erosion of primary or secondary minerals in the soiland of the process of mineralization (decomposition) of organic substance in the soil. As opposed to other microelements, boron is a semi-metal and it has a negative surfacecharge. It most often appears in the soil as boric acid B (OH)3, whereas in the plants it appears in three forms of salts of boric acid H3BO3, H2BO3 - or HBO3 2-. Depending on conditions in the soil, there can be surplus or shortage of boron with different consequences on plants. Concentration of boron in the plants is variable because of its low mobility and effect of transpiration, and it also depends on the plant species. Boron plays an important part in synthesis of saharosis processes, metabolism of nucleine acids, photosynthesis, metabolism of proteins and stabilization of cell membrane. Boron regulates meristemic activity, so with its shortage irregular cell division appears, especially at the top of the growth, roots and tillers, and also a disorder of cambial activity. As a consequence of boron shortage, growth of plants is reduced, creating of embryos and fruits is underdeveloped, and a range of other imbalances is possible. The 56 average removal by harvesting from the soil is about 200- 400 g/ha yearly. The review describes specific symptoms of boron shortage in woody plants, characteristics of boron fertilizers, fertilization plan and methods of determining necessary quantities