The Bjelovar Ring in the Context of European Town Planning

Iako su utvrđenja grada Bjelovara bila simboličkog karaktera te su primarno predstavljala naznaku granice urbane cjeline, a manje stvarni obrambeni sustav, način njihove preobrazbe bitno je odredio morfologij u urbane strukture. Rušenje i preobrazba utvrđenja provedena je u razmjerno kratkom razdoblju na prij elazu iz 18. u 19. stoljeće, pri čemu je po uzoru na vrsne europske primjere oblikovan reprezentativni urbani potez s obilaznom ulicom oko nekadašnje gradske jezgre te koncentracij om javnih gradskih prostora i izgradnje građevina javne namjene. Analizom urbanističkih obilježja prema modelu određenom doktorskom disertacij om autora utvrđeno je da se Bjelovar svrstava u gradove koji pripadaju integralnom tipu 1-B koji karakterizira prevladavajuća mješovita struktura izgradnje u kombinacij i s (pretežito) javnom namjenom u insulama, uz postojanje obilazne ulice kao dij ela prometnoga sustava na prostoru nekadašnjih utvrđenja, zahvaljujući kojoj je moguće urbanističko odčitavanje prostora na njihovu mjestu u današnjoj urbanoj matrici. Usporedba s hrvatskim i europskim primjerima gradova (poput Varaždina, Beča, Rige, Wrocława i Würzburga), koji prema urbanističkim obilježjima prostora na mjestu bastionskih utvrđenja pripadaju istom integralnom tipu, jasno ukazuje na vrij ednost prostora koji se s pravom naziva bjelovarskim ringom i na zajedničke urbanističke principe oblikovanja gradova u Hrvatskoj i u Europi 19. stoljeća, te može poslužiti kao element za određivanje planerskih postavki budućih urbanističkih intervencij a na predmetnom prostoru.Though the bastions of the city of Bjelovar were of symbolic character, and thus primarily presented more an indication of an urban entity borderline and less a real defence system, the manner in which they were transformed essentially defi - ned the urban structure morphology. Levelling and transformation of the forts was realised within a fairly brief period at the turn of the 18th to the 19th century, whereby – following the best European examples – a representative urban stretch with a round street circling the former town centre, concentrated public town spaces and buildings of public use was formed. By analysing features of town planning according to the model defi ned in the author’s doctoral dissertation, it was established that Bjelovar belonged to the group of towns of integral type 1-B, characterised by a prevailingly mixed structure combined with buildings of (mostly) public use in the insulae, with a round street as a part of the traffi c system in the area of the former forts, thanks to which the town-planning interpretation of space in the place they presently take in the urban matrix was enabled. The comparison with examples of Croatian and European cities (Varaždin, Vienna, Riga, Wroclaw and Würzburg), which belong to the same integral type according to town-planning features of space on the locations of bastion fortresses, has clearly indicated to the signifi cance of the location rightfully referred to as the Bjelovar ring, and to the common town-planning principles of shaping cities in Croatia and Europe in the 19th century. It may therefore serve as an element in defi ning planning postulates of future town-planning interventions in the subject area