Achieving low carbon emission using Smart Grid technologies.

This paper presents a novel carbon emission flow (CEF) model to assess and analyze the carbon emission of each component in power networks. Through the use of information about CEF, demand side management (DSM) and supply side management (SSM) are combined to reduce the emission. Three levels of load curtailment and three strategies of renewable energy sources (RES) utilization are proposed. The IEEE 30-bus system is used to validate the framework of CEF, involving the UK actual daily data of electricity and RES. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed model and approaches. In the case of DSM, the higher penetration of DSM can result in a higher emission reduction. In the case of SSM, the proposed largest emission substitution strategy can achieve the best performance. In addition, winter day shows a better carbon reduction than summer day in both cases