The effect of encapsulated glutamine on gut peptide secretion in human volunteers

AbstractContextWeight loss and improved blood glucose control after bariatric surgery have been attributed in part to increased ileal nutrient delivery with enhanced release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Non-surgical strategies to manage obesity are required. The aim of the current study was to assess whether encapsulated glutamine, targeted to the ileum, could increase GLP-1 secretion, improve glucose tolerance or reduce meal size.MethodsA single-center, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed in 24 healthy volunteers and 8 patients with type 2 diabetes. Fasting participants received a single dose of encapsulated ileal-release glutamine (3.6 or 6.0g) or placebo per visit with blood sampling at baseline and for 4h thereafter. Glucose tolerance and meal size were studied using a 75g oral glucose tolerance test and ad libitum meal respectively.ResultsIn healthy volunteers, ingestion of 6.0g glutamine was associated with increased GLP-1 concentrations after 90min compared with placebo (mean 10.6pg/ml vs 6.9pg/ml, p=0.004), increased insulin concentrations after 90min (mean 70.9 vs 48.5, p=0.048), and increased meal size at 120min (mean 542g eaten vs 481g, p=0.008). Ingestion of 6.0g glutamine was not associated with significant differences in GLP-1, glucose or insulin concentrations after a glucose tolerance test in healthy or type 2 diabetic participants.ConclusionsSingle oral dosing of encapsulated glutamine did not provoke consistent increases in GLP-1 and insulin secretion and was not associated with beneficial metabolic effects in healthy volunteers or patients with type 2 diabetes