En jämförelse av miljöbelastningen för godstransporter på väg och sjö̈ : Bränslebaserad emissionsanalys

In Sweden and Europe the interest for sustainable development is constantly growing. The transport sector has the second largest climate impact in EU and both politicians and customers expect this impact to decrease in the future. The EU-commission believes that the amount of freight transported on sea or rail have to increase if the transport sector is to achieve the European climate goals.The purpose of this study was to find suitable actions to decrease the environmental load of bulky gods and in this case prefabricated house modules was studied. Two scenarios were compared; road transport and sea transport. A model for comparison inspired of PAS 2050 was established and the study had a bottom-up fuel-based perspective.The data collection was based mainly on the involved companies historical fuel consumption data for specific vehicle types. The fuel consumption for ships was estimated by a ship-owner. The time required for sub processes was estimated from each specific company and based on fuel consumption data the total fuel required was calculated.The fuel was converted to emissions based on emission factors for Swedish circumstances from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The EPS method, developed by the Centre for Environmental Assessment of Products and Material Systems of Chalmers university of technology was used to weight the emissions. Global Warming Potentials (GWP) was calculated to achieve comparability and strengthen the reliability of the study.The study shown that in this case sea transport would have an environmental load 230% higher than road transport. Sensitivity analyses show that by changing ship fuel to a more refined type would decrease the ships environmental load by 45 %. The other parameters analyzed show that in decreasing order had a large contribution to the results; Ship capacity, ship fuel consumption, ship load factor.The calculated GWP showed similar results as general GWP/tonne-km data for trucks and ships after a load factor adjustment. The load factor adjustment only compensated for the load factors assumed in the general data and the actual load factors in this study.In the case of this study it is recommended to use road transport due to the low environmental load compared to sea transport. If sea transport is to be used it is recommended that the ship use the most environmental friendly fuel, such as the Swedish type “Eo1” classed fuel. It is also recommended that actions reducing fuel consumption and increasing load factor is taken.Validerat; 20150616 (global_studentproject_submitter