In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and rock fall-outs in its tunnels, for which reason it has initiated several research projects, of which the present project entitled "Degradation of rock and shotcrete due to ice pressure and frost shattering" is one. The aim of this licentiate project was to bring together experience and information relating to ice formation and the effect of ice pressure on fault zones, cracks and, in particular, the shotcrete/rock interface. Furthermore, the hypothesis from the literature review is tested and the results of the laboratory tests are presented.When water freezes, a 9 % volumetric expansion occurs according to the phase transition into ice. Thi...
Water in the surrounding rock mass flows into the tunnel via naturally occurring joints and via crac...
Blast function, fragmentation and gravity flow are core elements for sublevel caving (SLC). For the ...
Blast function, fragmentation and gravity flow are core elements for sublevel caving (SLC). For the ...
In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and...
In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and...
In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and...
In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and...
In recent years indoor environment and indoor air quality has been subjected to extensive worldwide ...
In recent years indoor environment and indoor air quality has been subjected to extensive worldwide ...
In recent years indoor environment and indoor air quality has been subjected to extensive worldwide ...
A combination of sprayed concrete technique and steel fibre technology gives obvious advantages when...
A combination of sprayed concrete technique and steel fibre technology gives obvious advantages when...
A combination of sprayed concrete technique and steel fibre technology gives obvious advantages when...
Refrigerant management is crucial in the attempts to slow climate change. Emissions from the refrige...
Refrigerant management is crucial in the attempts to slow climate change. Emissions from the refrige...
Water in the surrounding rock mass flows into the tunnel via naturally occurring joints and via crac...
Blast function, fragmentation and gravity flow are core elements for sublevel caving (SLC). For the ...
Blast function, fragmentation and gravity flow are core elements for sublevel caving (SLC). For the ...
In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and...
In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and...
In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and...
In recent years the Swedish Rail Administration has observed an increased incidence of shotcrete and...
In recent years indoor environment and indoor air quality has been subjected to extensive worldwide ...
In recent years indoor environment and indoor air quality has been subjected to extensive worldwide ...
In recent years indoor environment and indoor air quality has been subjected to extensive worldwide ...
A combination of sprayed concrete technique and steel fibre technology gives obvious advantages when...
A combination of sprayed concrete technique and steel fibre technology gives obvious advantages when...
A combination of sprayed concrete technique and steel fibre technology gives obvious advantages when...
Refrigerant management is crucial in the attempts to slow climate change. Emissions from the refrige...
Refrigerant management is crucial in the attempts to slow climate change. Emissions from the refrige...
Water in the surrounding rock mass flows into the tunnel via naturally occurring joints and via crac...
Blast function, fragmentation and gravity flow are core elements for sublevel caving (SLC). For the ...
Blast function, fragmentation and gravity flow are core elements for sublevel caving (SLC). For the ...