The Exclusion of a significant range of ages in a massive star cluster

Stars spend most of their lifetimes on the main sequence in the Hertzsprung—Russell diagram. The extended main-sequence turn-off regions―containing stars leaving the main sequence after having spent all of the hydrogen in their cores―found in massive (more than a few tens of thousands of solar masses), intermediate-age (about one to three billion years old) star clusters¹,²,³,⁴,⁵,⁶,⁷,⁸ are usually interpreted as evidence of internal age spreads of more than 300 million years²,⁴,⁵, although young clusters are thought to quickly lose any remaining star-forming fuel following a period of rapid gas expulsion on timescales of order 10⁷ years⁹,¹°. Here we report, on the basis of a combination of high-resolution imaging observations and theoretical modelling, that the stars beyond the main sequence in the two-billion-year-old cluster NGC 1651, characterized by a mass of about 1.7 × 10⁵ solar masses³, can be explained only by a single-age stellar population, even though the cluster has a clearly extended main-sequence turn-off region. The most plausible explanation for the existence of such extended regions invokes a population of rapidly rotating stars, although the secondary effects of the prolonged stellar lifetimes associated with such a stellar population mixture are as yet poorly understood. From preliminary analysis of previously obtained data, we find that similar morphologies are apparent in the Hertzsprung—Russell diagrams of at least five additional intermediate-age star clusters²,³,⁵,¹¹, suggesting that an extended main-sequence turn-off region does not necessarily imply the presence of a significant internal age dispersion.3 page(s