Bloodstream Infections and Frequency of Pretreatment Associated With Age and Hospitalization Status in Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Nichols, C
- Cruz Espinoza, LM
- von Kalckreuth, V
- Aaby, P
- Ahmed El Tayeb, M
- Ali, M
- Aseffa, A
- Bjerregaard-Andersen, M
- Breiman, RF
- Cosmas, L
- Crump, John Andrew
- Dekker, DM
- Gassama Sow, A
- Gasmelseed, N
- Hertz, JT
- Im, J
- Kabore, LP
- Keddy, KH
- Konings, F
- Valborg Løfberg, S
- Meyer, CG
- Montgomery, JM
- Niang, A
- Njariharinjakamampionona, A
- Olack, B
- Pak, GD
- Panzner, U
- Park, JK
- Park, SE
- Rabezanahary, H
- Rakotondrainiarivelo, JP
- Rakotozandrindrainy, R
- Raminosoa, TM
- Rubach, MP
- Teferi, M
- Seo, HJ
- Sooka, A
- Soura, A
- Tall, A
- Toy, T
- Yeshitela, B
- Clemens, JD
- Wierzba, TF
- Baker, S
- Marks, F
DOIAbstract
BACKGROUND: The clinical diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa is routinely confused with malaria due to overlapping symptoms. The Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) recruited febrile inpatients and outpatients of all ages using identical study procedures and enrollment criteria, thus providing an opportunity to assess disease etiology and pretreatment patterns among children and adults. METHODS: Inpatients and outpatients of all ages with tympanic or axillary temperatures of ≥38.0 or ≥37.5°C, respectively, and inpatients only reporting fever within the previous 72 hours were eligible for recruitment. All recruited patients had one blood sample drawn and cultured for microorganisms. Data from ...
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