Effects of Electromagnetic Wave from Mobile Phones on Human Sperm Motility and Viability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nowadays humans are constantly exposed to electromagnetic wave (EMW), especially mobile phone. Recently concerns about the potential risks of EMW it's increasing. A possible risk of the EMW is adverse effect on human semen quality. In this study, it was tried to do meta-analysis on the results obtaining the evaluation of sperm quality (motility and viability) after in vitro exposure to EMW of mobile phone. We carried out a Systematic Review in databases of ISI, Pubmed, Scopus, Ovid, Embase and VIP till December 2015. Then was performed meta-analysis of data extracted by comprehensive meta-analysis 2.2 software. Finally, 10 studies 8: sperm motility (17 subgroups), 6: sperm viability (6 subgroups) were reviewed and meta-analysis was done. The percentage ranges of sperm motility in the unexposed and exposed samples were 17.70 +/- 10.9% to 87.20 +/- 7.32% and 18.40 +/- 11.90% to 87.5 +/- 8.57%, respectively. The mean differences for sperm motility and heterogeneity were REM:-4.57; CI(-7.11 to 2.03) and I-2=69.38%; rho(heterogeneity) <0.001, respectively. The percentage range of sperm viability in the unexposed and exposed samples were 50.78 +/- 5.98% to 90.9 +/- 3.7% and 48.43 +/- 13.99 to 90.4 +/- 4.1% respectively and for sperm viability, the mean differences for sperm motility and heterogeneity were REM-1.19; CI (-2.04 to -0.34) and I-2 = 96.9%; rho(heterogeneity)