The socio-environmental determinants of railway suicide: a systematic review

Background: Railway suicide has significant adverse impacts for the victims, their family and friends, witnessesto the incident, general public and train network. There is no previous review on the socio-environmental factorsand railway suicide. The research question asked in this review was: ‘What socio-environmental risk and protectivepredictors are significantly associated with railway suicide?’Methods: The review searched Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus for English-language studies thatassessed the associations between socio-environmental (i.e. geographical, physical, economic and social) factorsand railway suicide from their inception to June 2013. It was reported based on the PRISMA Statement.Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. They were categorised into railway environments (availability ofrailways and trains, accessibility to railways and familiarity with trains), population characteristics and impact ofmedia reporting. Findings from ecological studies using population level railway suicide data suggested weak andinconsistent evidence for the first two categories. The evidence on the impact of media reporting was moderatelystrong, with irresponsible media reporting being associated with an increased risk of railway suicide.Conclusions: There is a need for further research activity to strengthen evidence about socio-environmental riskfactors for railway suicide. The focus of this research should be on the factors that determine individuals’ decisionsof using the railway as a method of suicide, with the consideration of a range of geographical, physical, social, andeconomic factors