KONSEP NEGARA DALAM TRADISI ISLAM

The study entitled Konsep Negara dalam Tradisi Islam uses qualitative design by comparative historical approach. Theories used here are the Pluralism in Islam from Esposito and Islamic States from Ahmed an-Naim . The purpose of the research is to answer the following questions : 1) why there are varieties related to state concepts in Islamic tradition, 2) what kind of characteristics of state concepts in Islam, and 3) where the friction of state concepts go in contemporary Islamic politics Based on the data analysis, the research findings can be formulated as follows. First, varieties were caused by two determinant factors: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic factors cover nas (texts) and syahsiyyah (personality), meanwhile extrinsic factors cover bi’ah (environment), ijtima’iyyah (social-culture), isti’mariyyah (colonialism) which caused the imitation of Law of Descent or otherwise, iqtisadiyyah (economy), and ‘alamiyyah (globalization). Dialectics of state concepts at the phase of elite reason until public reason had more varieties and doubled face. At phase of elite reason, before Abduh, there were Ibn Abdul Wahhab (Wahabiyah) who was radical and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (Ahmadiyah) who had concept of chaliphate without political power. Then, at phase of public reason, the influence of Abduh’s thingking came to conservative sunni through Rasyid Ridha, and the next followers became more and more radical and exclusive, and even they considered other infidel. Abduh’s thinking also had a role in the birth of Qasim Amin and the next followers tended to be more liberal and inclusive. In addition, Abduh’s thingking caused the birth of moderat sunni such as Abdul Qadir Audah etc. Second, neo-genuine states at the contemporary era has some charateristics: constitutional republic, democration, nomocrative, self-determination, inclusion, flexibility, accomodating and participation…….. Third, there is a friction of the concepts of state in the contemporary Islmic politics from chaliphate into religious democration such as in Indonesia. The implication is that the best secular state and Daulah Islamiyyah ‘Ammah at contemporary era will come to utopia room beyond utopia of perfect democration and can’t satisfy all people