Fluctuation of index of consist and quality of milk of Lithuanian black and white, holstain and Lithuanian red-spotted cows during different of lactation

Aim of work: to analyze Fluctuation of index of consist and quality of milk of Lithuanian black and white, holstain and Lithuanian red-spotted cows during different of lactation. Materials and methods: the work was performed in Lithuanian Academy of Veterinary, department of stockbreeding as well as public enterprise „Pieno tyrimai“ during Master studies 2007-2009. Data was statistically analyzed using calculator EXCEL. During the analysis of milk quality and composition factors of examined cows was made. Arithmetical means of milk quantity, monthly and seasonal average means of milk quality and composition were counted for the years of 2005-2006 in Panevežys region. Lithuanian black and white, Holstein and Lithuanian red-spotted cow breeds were examined. Percentage fat content, protein concentration and amound of lactose of milk were evaluated while examining milk quality, and number of somatic cells and common microbiological impurity – while examining composition. Lithuanian red-spotted cows had high-fat milk during all lactation months (5,26%) and Holstein – low-fat (4,37%). Milk fat of Lithuanian black and white cows during lactation changed least of all in comparison with Holstein and Lithuanian red-spotted cow breeds. If to compare milk fat percent during lactation seasons, then milk fat of Lithuanian red-spotted cows during all seasons was the most (5,28%),the least was for Lithuanian black and white cows (4,52%). While watching milk fat rate of Lithuanian red-spotted cows and Lithuanian black and white cows we see that it doesn’t change during winter and spring seasons (4,98%-5,05% and 4,40%-4,31%), in summer it increases significantly (5,37% and 5,70%), and in autumn it decreases significantly (4,69% ir 4,69%). Milk fat is the greatest during spring season both of Lithuanian red-spotted and Lithuanian black and white cows. Milk fat of Holstein cows is the greatest in summer (5,00%). and during next seasons increases gradually: in autumn – 4,86%, in winter – 4,41%, in spring – 4,18%. Milk protein amound of Lithuanian red-spotted and Holstein cow breeds was the greatest almost all months of lactation (except X month for Holstein cows). Average protein concentration of Lithuanian red-spotted cows was 3,70%, of Holstein cows was 3,66%, and of Lithuanian black and white cows it was the lowest – 3,35%. Milk protein concentration was the lowest during VIII, IX and X months of lactation of all cow breeds. Milk protein concentration increased constantly for: Lithuanian red-spotted cows from X till II months of lactation, Lithuanian black and white cows from VIII till XI months of lactation. If were analyzing milk protein concentration by lactation seasons we will see that milk protein concentration was highest during winter and autumn seasons of all cow breeds. Averagely the highest milk protein concentration (3,66% ir 3,72%) was for Holstein and Lithuanian reddish-black cows during all seasons, and for black and white cows it was lowest (3,36%). Milk lactose quantity of examined cow breeds was optimal and was close to 4,49% - 4,62% and was decreasing gradually for Lithuanian red-spotted and Lithuanian black and white cows between II and X months of lactation and Holstein cows – between VI and X months of lactation. But however the highest lactose quantity is in milk of Lithuanian black and white cows, and the lowest – of Holstein cows. Quantity of lactose was the lowest during spring (Holstein cows – 4,37%; Lithuanian red-spotted cows – 4,49%; Lithuanian black and white cows – 4,49%) and winter seasons (Holstein cows – 4,52%; Lithuanian red-spotted cows – 4,55%; Lithuanian black and white cows – 4,62%) of all cow breeds. The greatest milk lactose quantity was during autumn season of all cow breeds (Holstein cows – 4,62%; Lithuanian red-spotted cows – 4,65%; Lithuanian black and white cows – 4,71%). Number of somatic cells of Lithuanian red-spotted cows exceeds 400 thousand/ml during I, III-VII, IX, XI lactation periods, of Holstein cows – I, III-V, VII months of lactation, and of Lithuanian black and white – IV-IX and XI months of lactation. Data of examined cows showed that the lowest average number of somatic cells was in milk of Holstein cows (394,45 thousand/ml), considerably higher number of somatic cells was found in milk of other two cow breeds: 485,70 tūkst/ml and 456,19 tūkst/ml of Lithuanian black and white and Lithuanian red-spotted cows, respectively. While analyzing seasonal number of somatic cells in milk we can see that this number for Lithuanian black and white cows starting from winter season decreases gradually (539,71 thousand/ml) and in autumn it reaches only 329,70 thousand/ml. the least number of somatic cells in milk of Holstein cows is found during spring season 231,22 thousand/ml and during other seasons those numbers increase gradually till reach 472,79 thousand/ml in winter season. Lithuanian red-spotted cows is found during summer season 455,48 thousand/ml and during other seasons those numbers increase gradually till reach 535,46 thousand/ml in winter season. There was established common number of microorganisms in all examined milk samples that didn’t exceed permissible limit and averagely reached 3,3 ×10 – 4,5 ×10 KSV/ml. The greater common number of microorganisms of all examined cow breeds was during II, III and IV months of lactation, and the least – during VII, IX and X months. It was set that common number of microorganisms of all cow breeds in winter was greater than in spring, but was less than in autumn. Comparing results of spring and autumn researches, the least common number of microorganisms in milk was set in spring. Though common number of microorganisms in milk didn’t exceed permissible limit, but the greater number was found in milk of Lithuanian cows and the least number – of Holstein cows. Conclusion: 1. Productivity of Lithuanian black and white, Lithuanian red-spotted and cows was different. The most of yield was of Lithuanian black and white cows – 8126 kg, and the least of Holstein cows – 6448 kg. 2. The most amount of fat in milk was (5,26%) found in Lithuanian red-spotted cows during lactation, and the least in Holstein cows (4,37%). 3. The most amount of protein in milk (3,70%) was found in Lithuanian red-spotted cows, and the least (3,35%) in Lithuanian black and white cows. 4. Milk lactose quantity of examined cow breeds was optimal and was close to 4,49%-4,62% and was decreasing gradually for Lithuanian red-spotted and Lithuanian black and white cows between II and X months of lactation and for Holstein cows – between VI and X months of lactation. The lowest lactose quantity of all cow breeds was during spring and winter seasons. The higher lactose quantity of all cow breeds was during autumn seasons. But however the highest lactose quantity is in milk of Lithuanian black and white cows, and the lowest – of Holstein cows. 5. The least average number of somatic cells was in milk of Holstein cows (394,45 thousand/ml), considerably major number of somatic cells was found in milk of other two cow breeds: Lithuanian black and white, and Lithuanian red-spotted cows. While examining seasonal number of somatic cells in milk we can notice that this number for all cows starting from winter season decrease gradually. 6. The was established common number of microorganisms in all examined milk samples that didn’t exceed permissible limit and averagely reached 3,3 ×10 - 4,5 ×10 KSV/ml. The greater common number of microorganisms of all examines cow breeds was during II, III and IV months of lactation, and the least - during VII, IX and X months. It was set that common number of microorganisms of all cow breeds in winter was greater than in spring, but was less than in autumn. Comparing results of spring and autumn researches, the least common number of microorganisms in milk was set in spring. Though common number of microorganisms in milk didn’t exceed permissible limit, but the greater number was found in milk of Lithuanian cows and the least number – of Holstein cows