Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: The challenging diagnosis in clinical routine

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is rapidly reversible heart failure syndrome that usually mimics the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction with the characteristic regional wall-motion abnormalities (classically with a virtual apical ballooning caused by hypokinetic or akinetic apical or midventricular myocardium and hypercontraction of the basal segments) and absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. TC is usually associated with identifiable emotional, psychological or physical stress event and most commonly appears in postmenopausal women. The certain pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown. However, the central hypothesis is supported by the excess of catecholamines and hyperactivity of nervous system. In the last decades the frequency of the TC diagnosis is increasing rapidly but at the initial presentation the diagnosis remains challenging due to the close similarities between TC and ST elevation myocardial infarction clinical presentations that consider TC as an important part of differential diagnosis in acute coronary syndrome. Introduction Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), also referred as stress cardio- myopathy [1], broken heart syndrome [2] or apical ballooning syndrome [3], is an acute but rapidly reversible heart failure syndrome [4–6] characterized by distinctive left ventricular (LV) contraction pattern. TC is usually associated with identifiable emotional, psychological or physical stress and mimics the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction with the characteristic [...]