Increasing environmental concerns as well as diminishing fossil fuel resources have increased the pressure to replace fossil fuel derived materials with renewable alternatives. Biorefineries target in comprehensive utilization of all components of biomass with similar principles than conventional petroleum refinery. Improved product portfolios have started to emerge from already existing side-streams of agriculture and forest industries. However, full commercial potentiality of biomass-derived building blocks has not yet materialized. This thesis targeted in developing polymeric products from under-utilized side-streams of forest industry and agriculture. Meso-galactaric acid can be produced biotechnologically from D-galacturonic acid, a m...